1. In 955, Octavian, son of Duke Alberic II of Spoleto, was elected Pope John XII.

2. In 1165, Ramjbam and his family reached Acre, Palestine.

3. In 1204, Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders, was crowned as the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople.

4. In 1220, English King Henry III laid the foundation stone for a new Lady Chapel, starting the rebuilding of Westminster Abbey in London.

5. In 1527, Florence became a republic and Thomas More resigned as Lord Chancellor of England.

6. In 1532, Thomas More resigned as Lord Chancellor of England.

7. In 1547, the Protestant German monarch surrendered to Karel in Wittenberg.

8. In 1568, defeated at the Battle of Langside, Mary, Queen of Scots, fled to England.

9. In 1571, German astronomer Johannes Kepler was conceived at 4:37 am according to his own calculations.

10. In 1584, seven Westfriese towns divided the monasteries of Egmond, Blokker, and St. Pietersdal.

11. In 1584, Santiago de Vera became the sixth governor - general of the Spanish colony of the Philippines.

12. In 1605, Camillo Borghese was elected to succeed Pope Leo XI and became Pope Paul V.

13. In 1606, 2,000 foreigners were murdered in Russia.

14. In 1648, the Battle of Zhovti Vody took place. Ukrainian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars defeated Polish King John II Casimir.

15. In 1747, William V, Prince of Orange, was sworn in as Admiral - General of the Netherlands.

16. In 1763, Samuel Johnson first met his future biographer James Boswell in London.

17. In 1770, 14 - year - old Marie Antoinette married 15 - year - old Louis - Auguste, who later became King of France.

18. In 1771, the Battle of Alamance took place in present - day Alamance County, North Carolina.

19. In 1777, Button Gwinnett, a Georgia delegate to the US Continental Congress, was wounded in a duel with political rival Lachlan McIntosh.

20. In 1792, Denmark abolished the slave trade.

21. In 1795, the Hedges Treaty was signed, and the Batavian Republic became a French vassal state.

22. In 1796, the Lombardian Republic was formed.

23. In 1811, in the Peninsular War, the allies defeated the French at Albuera.

24. In 1815, the governor of New South Wales, Lachlan Macquarie, officially named the town of Blackheath in the upper Blue Mountains.

25. In 1817, Mississippi River steamboat service began.

26. In 1822, in the Greek War of Independence, the Turks captured the Greek town of Souli.

27. In 1846, a revolutionary insurrection began in Portugal against the reign of Maria II.

28. In 1860, the Republican Convention in Chicago selected Abraham Lincoln as its candidate.

29. In 1861, the Confederate government offered war volunteers a $10 premium.

30. In 1861, Kentucky proclaimed its neutrality.

31. In 1861, Major General Twiggs surrendered to the Confederate army in San Antonio, Texas (US Civil War).

32. In 1862, Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir built the first automobile.

33. In 1863, the Battle of Champion's Hill in Mississippi, the bloodiest action of the Vicksburg Campaign, took place.

34. In 1864, the Atlanta Campaign: the Battle of Resaca ended.

35. In 1864, the Battle of Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, took place.

36. In 1864, the last battles at Drewry's Bluff, Virginia, took place (6,666 casualties).

37. In 1866, the US Congress authorized the nickel 5 - cent piece (replacing the silver half - dime).

38. In 1868, Bedřich Smetana's opera Dalibor premiered at the New Town Theatre in Prague.

39. In 1868, the US Senate failed to impeach President Andrew Johnson by one vote.

40. In 1872, the Metropolitan Gas Company lamps were lit for the first time.

41. In 1874, the first recorded dam disaster in the US occurred in Williamsburg, Massachusetts.

42. In 1875, an earthquake in Venezuela and Colombia killed 16,000 people.

43. In 1876, pharmacist Charles E. Hires presented "Hires Root Beer" at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

44. In 1877, a political crisis took place in France.

45. In 1879, Antonín Dvořák's Slavonic Dances premiered.

46. In 1879, the Treaty of Gandamak was signed to set up an Afghan state between Russia and England.

47. In 1881, the world's first electric tram entered service in Lichterfelder (near Berlin).

48. In 1882, the 8th Kentucky Derby was held. Babe Hurd aboard Apollo won in 2:40.00.

49. In 1929, the first Academy Awards were presented at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles, California.

50. In 1975, Indonesia launched a military operation in East Timor and officially announced its annexation.