1. In 70, Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of Emperor Vespasian, opened a full - scale assault on Jerusalem and attacked the city's third wall to the northwest.

2. In 1267, Vienna's church ordered all Jews to wear a distinctive garb.

3. In 1278, Jews of England were imprisoned on charges of coining.

4. In 1291, Scottish nobles recognized the authority of English King Edward I.

5. In 1294, Temür Khan was declared emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.

6. In 1427, Jews were expelled from Bern, Switzerland.

7. In 1497, Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci left for his first voyage to the New World (disputed).

8. In 1503, Christopher Columbus was the first European to discover the Cayman Islands and named them Las Tortugas after its sea turtles.

9. In 1525, Church reformer John Pistorius was caught in the Hague.

10. In 1534, French navigator Jacques Cartier reached Newfoundland.

11. In 1559, Scottish Protestants under John Knox rose up against Queen Mother Mary.

12. In 1624, Dutch admirals Jacob Willekens and Piet Heyn conquered Salvador da Bahia (Brazil).

13. In 1643, Essex County, Massachusetts was founded, which contained the town of Salem in which the notorious witch - trials would occur in 1692.

14. In 1652, John Johnson, a free African - Virginian, was granted 550 acres in Northampton, Virginia by his father.

15. In 1655, Jamaica was captured by the English.

16. In 1676, Bacon's Rebellion began, frontiersmen vs Virginia government.

17. In 1765, the British Longitude Act awarded clockmaker John Harrison £10,000 for the invention of a naval longitude clock.

18. In 1768, John Wilkes was imprisoned for writing an article for "The North Briton" severely criticizing King George III, which provoked rioting in London.

19. In 1774, Louis XVI ascended to the throne of France.

20. In 1775, American Revolution: Green Mountain Boys captured Fort Ticonderoga, New York.

21. In 1775, the Second Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and issued paper currency for the 1st time.

22. In 1775, the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia named George Washington supreme commander.

23. In 1787, the British Parliament impeached Warren Hastings, governor - general of Bengal.

24. In 1796, the French government arrested 10 utopists.

25. In 1796, Napoleon defeated Austria in the Battle of Lodi Bridge.

26. In 1796, there was a riot after a disagreement over patriotic demands in Amsterdam.

27. In 1797, the 1st US Navy ship, the "United States," was launched.

28. In 1801, the First Barbary War: The Barbary pirates of Tripoli declared war on the United States of America (1st US foreign war).

29. In 1804, British Prime Minister Henry Addington resigned and was replaced by William Pitt the Younger.

30. In 1816, the British steamship "Defiance" arrived at Rotterdam harbor.

31. In 1823, the 1st steamboat to navigate the Mississippi River arrived at Fort Snelling.

32. In 1824, the National Gallery in London opened to the public in its temporary home in a townhouse on Pall Mall.

33. In 1837, the Panic of 1837: New York City banks failed, and unemployment reached record levels.

34. In 1849, the Astor Place Riot: Backers of American actor and working - class hero Edwin Forrest attempted to disrupt British actor William Macready's performance at the Astor Place Opera House in NYC; military troops supporting police shot at the crowd, killing between 22 and 31.

35. In 1857, the Indian Mutiny against rule by the British East India Company began with the revolt of the sepoy soldiers in Meerut.

36. In 1861, Union troops marched on state militia in St. Louis, Missouri.

37. In 1862, the Battle of Plum Run Bend, Tennessee.

38. In 1864, battles at Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia.

39. In 1864, a skirmish at Ny River, Virginia.

40. In 1865, Confederate President Jefferson Davis was captured by Union troops at Irwinsville, Georgia (US Civil War).

41. In 1865, Major General Sam Jones, the Confederate military leader in Florida, South Carolina, and South Georgia, surrendered to Union forces.

42. In 1869, the golden spike was driven, completing the 1st US transcontinental railroad at Promontory Summit, Utah, and connecting the Central Pacific Railroad with the Union Pacific.

43. In 1870, Jem Mace defended his heavyweight crown against Irish champ Joe Coburn. It lasted 1 hour and 17 minutes, and neither was struck by a punch.

44. In 1871, the Peace of Frankfurt - am - Main concluded between France and Germany ended the Franco - Prussian War.

45. In 1872, Victoria Woodhull became the 1st woman nominated for US presidency by the Equal Rights Party at Apollo Hall, NYC.

46. In 1876, the Centennial Fair opened in Philadelphia.

47. In 1877, US President Rutherford B. Hayes had the 1st White House telephone installed in the telegraph room.

48. In 1883, the first appendectomy was performed in North America by Abraham Groves in Canada.

49. In 1940, the German army launched a western offensive. Nazi Germany launched "Case Yellow" and launched a surprise attack on the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France.

50. In 1941, Rudolf Hess, the deputy leader of the Nazis, flew to the UK. He secretly landed in Scotland in an attempt to seek a separate peace.