1. In 311, Roman Emperor Galerius issued the Edict of Toleration, ending the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.

2. In 313, Licinius unified the entire eastern Roman Empire under his rule.

3. In 711, during the Islamic conquest of Iberia, Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn - Ziyad landed at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian peninsula (Al - Andalus).

4. In 1064, German King Henry IV gave away Utrecht County of West Friesland.

5. In 1315, French Chamberlain Enguerrand de Marigny was hanged on the public gallows at Montfaucon after being convicted of sorcery.

6. In 1349, the Jewish community of Radolfzell, Germany, was exterminated.

7. In 1396, crusaders and the Earl of Nevers departed from Dijon.

8. In 1483, orbital calculations suggest that on this day, Pluto moved inside Neptune's orbit until July 23, 1503.

9. In 1492, Christopher Columbus was given a royal commission by Spanish monarchs Isabella I and Ferdinand II to equip his fleet to the New World.

10. In 1492, Spain announced it would expel all Jews.

11. In 1506, Philip of Burgundy and England signed a trade agreement.

12. In 1527, Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France signed the Treaty of Westminster, pledging to combine their forces against Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in an attempt to win the War of the League of Cognac.

13. In 1562, Jean Ribault and colonists arrived in Florida, the first French colonists in North America.

14. In 1563, Jews were expelled from France by order of Charles VI.

15. In 1573, the spire of Beauvais cathedral, France, which made it the tallest human - made monument in the world at the time, collapsed (never rebuilt).

16. In 1598, the first theater performance in America (Spanish comedy - Rio Grande) took place.

17. In 1616, King James I of England left Brielle.

18. In 1650, French rebel Henri de la Tour Turenne signed a treaty with Spain.

19. In 1661, Tsjeng Tsj'eng - kung began the siege of Dutch fort Zeelandia, Formosa.

20. In 1671, Petar Zrinski, the Croatian ban from the Zrinski family, was executed.

21. In 1695, William Congreve's restoration comedy "Love for Love" premiered in London.

22. In 1722, the game of billiards was mentioned in the New England Courant.

23. In 1725, Emperor Charles VI and King Philip IV of Spain signed the Treaty of Vienna.

24. In 1748, the ceasefire at Aken ended.

25. In 1763, member of parliament and journalist John Wilkes was confined in the Tower of London, charged with seditious libel.

26. In 1772, John Clais patented the first scale.

27. In 1774, Pope Clement XIV proclaimed a universal jubilee for the second time.

28. In 1789, George Washington was inaugurated as the first president of the United States of America at Federal Hall in NYC.

29. In 1790, colonial troops occupied Bonni's marroon village.

30. In 1794, the Battle of Boulou was fought, in which French forces defeated the Spanish under General Union.

31. In 1798, the US Department of the Navy was formed.

32. In 1803, Chancellor Robert Livingston and James Monroe signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty in Paris at a cost of $15 million, doubling the size of the USA.

33. In 1804, the New Hague Theater opened in The Hague, the Netherlands.

34. In 1808, the first practical typewriter was finished by Italian Pellegrini Turri.

35. In 1812, (Eastern) Louisiana was admitted as the 18th US state.

36. In 1838, Nicaragua declared independence from the Central American Federation.

37. In 1852, Anton Rubinstein's opera "Dmitri Donskoi" premiered in St. Petersburg, Russia.

38. In 1857, San Jose State University was founded.

39. In 1859, Charles Dickens' "A Tale of Two Cities" was first published in the literary periodical "All the Year Round" (weekly installments until November 26).

40. In 1859, Paul Morphy returned from a 10 - month chess tour of Europe and retired.

41. In 1861, US President Abraham Lincoln ordered federal troops to evacuate Indian territory (US Civil War).

42. In 1863, the Battle of Snyder's Bluff, Virginia (part of the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War): General Sherman was beaten by Confederate forces.

43. In 1863, the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia: In a major victory, General Robert E. Lee's troops defeated the larger Army of the Potomac under Major General Joseph Hooker. Stonewall Jackson was fatally wounded.

44. In 1863, Mexican forces attacked the French Foreign Legion in Hacienda Camarón, Mexico.

45. In 1864, the Battle of Jenkin's Ferry, Arkansas; General W. R. Scurry was killed.

46. In 1869, the Hawaiian YMCA was organized.

47. In 1885, Henry Lee Higginson started the "Popular Music" series with the Boston Symphony, which evolved into the Boston Pops Orchestra in 1900.

48. In 1887, the first game was played at Broad & Huntingdon St Park (Baker Bowl) in Philadelphia; the Phillies beat the Giants 19 - 10.

49. In 1900, Hawaii became a territory of the United States, with Sanford B. Dole as governor.

50. In 1945, Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun committed suicide in the Führerbunker in Berlin.