1. 310 - St. Eusebius begins his reign as Catholic pope.

2. 387 - Bishop Ambrosius of Milan baptizes Augustinus.

3. 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first king of Poland.

4. 1506 - The cornerstone of the current St. Peter's Basilica is laid in the Vatican by Pope Julius II.

5. 1518 - Bona Sforza is crowned Queen Consort of Poland.

6. 1521 - Diet of Worms: Cardinal Alexander questions Martin Luther.

7. 1552 - Mauritius of Saxony occupies Linz.

8. 1663 - Osman declares war on Austria.

9. 1666 - Peace of Kleef: Netherlands & Bishop von Galen of Munster.

10. 1676 - Sudbury, Massachusetts, is attacked by Indians.

11. 1688 - "Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery": Francis Daniel Pastorius presents the 1st formal written protest against African - American slavery in English colonies in Germantown, Pennsylvania.

12. 1738 - Real Academia de la Historia ("Royal Academy of History") is founded in Madrid.

13. 1775 - Paul Revere and William Dawes ride from Charlestown to Lexington warning "The regulars are coming!"

14. 1783 - American Revolution: George Washington issues a general order announcing the end of hostilities with Britain.

15. 1797 - France & Austria sign a cease - fire.

16. 1809 - The first run of the 2,000 Guineas horse race takes place at Newmarket, England.

17. 1835 - William Lamb (Lord Melbourne) becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom after Robert Peel resigns.

18. 1845 - The whaling ship Manhattan, captained by Mercator Cooper, is the first ship officially permitted to visit Edo, Japan, in 220 years to rescue shipwrecked sailors.

19. 1848 - The American victory at the Battle of Cerro Gordo opens the way for the invasion of Mexico.

20. 1856 - Russian Chancellor Count Nesselrode resigns.

21. 1861 - Colonel Robert E. Lee turns down the offer to command Union armies (US Civil War).

22. 1862 - Battle of Fort Jackson, Fort St. Philip & New Orleans, Louisiana.

23. 1864 - Battle of Dybbøl: Denmark is defeated by Prussian and Austrian forces in the second Schleswig War.

24. 1864 - Battle of Poison Springs, Arkansas (Camden Expedition).

25. 1865 - Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders to General William T. Sherman in North Carolina.

26. 1868 - The San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals forms in San Francisco, California.

27. 1869 - The 1st international cricket match is held in San Francisco, won by California.

28. 1874 - David Livingstone, African explorer, is buried in Westminster Abbey.

29. 1876 - Daniel O'Leary completes a 500 - mile walk in 139 hrs 32 min.

30. 1879 - The trial of Standing Bear - Crook on Indians' citizen rights begins.

31. 1880 - An F4 tornado strikes Marshfield, Missouri, killing 99 people and injuring 100.

32. 1881 - The Natural History Museum opens in South Kensington, England.

33. 1890 - The NY Commission of Emigration ends, closing Castle Garden, NYC (now known as Castle Clinton).

34. 1898 - The 2nd Boston Marathon is won by Canadian Ron McDonald in a race - record 2:42:00.

35. 1899 - John McGraw, at 26, has his managerial debut as Oriole manager.

36. 1899 - St. Andrew's Ambulance Association is granted a royal charter by Queen Victoria.

37. 1904 - The 8th Boston Marathon is won by Michael Spring in 2:38:04.4.

38. 1904 - L'Humanité, under Jean Jaurès, begins publishing.

39. 1906 - The Calvinist Reformed Union in the Dutch church forms in Utrecht.

40. 1906 - The San Francisco earthquake and fire kills nearly 4,000 and destroys 75% of the city.

41. 1906 - The Los Angeles Times story on the Azusa Street revival launches Pentecostalism as a worldwide movement.

42. 1907 - Augustus Thomas' "Witching Hour" premieres in NYC.

43. 1907 - The Fairmont Hotel opens in San Francisco.

44. 1908 - Canadian champion Tommy Burns KOs Jewey Smith of England in the 5th round at Neuilly Bowling Palace, Paris, to retain his world heavyweight boxing title.

45. 1909 - Joan of Arc receives beatification by the Roman Catholic church at St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.

46. 1910 - The 14th Boston Marathon is won by Canadian Fred Cameron in 2:28:52.4.

47. 1912 - The Cunard liner RMS Carpathia brings 705 survivors from the RMS Titanic to New York City.

48. 1915 - French pilot Roland Garros is shot down and glides to a landing on the German side of the lines during World War I.

49. 1916 - Edith Wharton is appointed Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, France's highest award, for her contribution to the war effort.

50. 1918 - The people's council of Latvia proclaims the independence of the new country of Latvia.