1. In 491, Flavius Anastasius became the Byzantine emperor, known as Anastasius I.

2. In 672, Deus Deodatus II began his reign as the Catholic pope.

3. In 1079, Bishop Stanislaus of Krakow was executed by order of Bolesław II of Poland.

4. In 1241, the Battle of Mohi took place. The Mongols led by Batu and Subutai defeated King Béla IV of Hungary, with 30,000 Hungarians slain.

5. In 1471, during the Wars of the Roses, King Edward IV of England seized London from Henry VI.

6. In 1512, the Battle of Ravenna occurred. French forces under Gaston de Foix defeated the Holy League in a major battle of the Italian Wars.

7. In 1551, English Premier John Dudley was appointed Duke of Northumberland.

8. In 1564, England and France signed the Peace of Troyes.

9. In 1564, Liege Prince - Bishop Robert van Bergen resigned.

10. In 1567, Dutch Prince William I of Orange fled from Antwerp to Breda.

11. In 1579, Venlo joined the Union of Utrecht.

12. In 1580, Drenthe joined the Union of Utrecht.

13. In 1612, the last public burning at the stake in England took place. Edward Wrightman was burned for heresy in Lichfield.

14. In 1677, the Battle at Mont Cassel occurred. French troops defeated Prince William III.

15. In 1689, King William III and Queen Mary II were crowned as joint rulers of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

16. In 1713, Great Britain, Spain, the Netherlands, Prussia, Savoy, Portugal, and France agreed to the Treaty of Utrecht. France ceded maritime provinces in North America to Britain.

17. In 1750, Jack Slack retained the champion of England boxing title, beating Frenchman Jean Petit in 7 rounds in Harlston, England. It was acknowledged as the first international prize fight.

18. In 1783, hostilities formally ceased in the American Revolutionary War.

19. In 1801, Johann von Schiller's "Die Jungfrau von Orleans" premiered in Leipzig.

20. In 1814, Napoleon Bonaparte abdicated unconditionally and was exiled to the island of Elba in the Mediterranean.

21. In 1828, Bahia Blanca, Argentina, was founded.

22. In 1830, Robert Schumann heard the violinist Paganini play in Frankfurt.

23. In 1831, the 12th - century Lewis Chess Pieces were exhibited at the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, shortly after their rediscovery in a sand bank on the Scottish Isle of Lewis.

24. In 1848, Hungary became a constitutional monarchy under King Ferdinand of Austria.

25. In 1853, the steamboat ferry "Jenny Lind" boiler explosion killed at least 31 passengers in San Francisco Bay, California.

26. In 1856, the Battle of Rivas took place. Costa Rica defeated William Walker's invading Nicaraguans.

27. In 1862, the Confederates surrendered at Fort Pulaski, Georgia.

28. In 1863, the Battle of Suffolk, Virginia, took place.

29. In 1865, Abraham Lincoln urged a spirit of generous conciliation during Reconstruction.

30. In 1865, the Battle of Mobile, Alabama, was evacuated by the Confederates.

31. In 1868, the shogunate was abolished in Japan.

32. In 1876, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks organized in New York City.

33. In 1876, Sir Charles Gordon ended religious tolerance in Sudan.

34. In 1881, Spelman College was founded as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary in the basement of Friendship Baptist Church, Atlanta.

35. In 1888, the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam was inaugurated.

36. In 1890, Ellis Island, New York, was designated as an immigration station.

37. In 1891, an 8 - year - old Jewish tailor's daughter disappeared in Greece. Rumor spread that she was a Christian girl ritually killed by Jews.

38. In 1895, Anaheim completed its new electric light system.

39. In 1896, Hungarian swimmer Alfréd Hajós beat Otto Herschmann of Austria by 0.6 s to win the inaugural Olympic 100m freestyle final in 1:22.2 at the Athens Games. He also took out the 1,200 m on the same day.

40. In 1896, Irish tennis player John Boland, representing Great Britain, won both the men's singles and doubles finals at the Athens Olympics. Dionysios Kasdaglis of Greece lost both matches.

41. In 1898, President McKinley asked for a Spanish - American War declaration.

42. In 1899, the Treaty of Paris was ratified, ending the war. Spain ceded Puerto Rico to the US.

43. In 1900, the first modern submarine designed and built by John Philip Holland, USS Holland, was acquired by the US Navy.

44. In 1902, during the Second Boer War, British forces defeated Boer commandos in the Battle of Rooiwal, South Africa.

45. In 1907, New York Giants future baseball Hall of Fame backstop Roger Bresnahan became the first catcher to wear shin guards.

46. In 1909, Tel Aviv was established by Jewish settlers (named in 1910).

47. In 1912, the cornerstone of Technion was laid in Haifa, Palestine.

48. In 1912, RMS Titanic left Queenstown, Ireland, for New York.

49. In 1919, the International Labour Organization was founded.

50. In 1921, the Emirate of Transjordan was created.