1. In 37, Roman Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, better known as Caligula, accepted the titles of the principate, entitled to him by the Senate.

2. In 193, Roman Emperor Pertinax was assassinated by his praetorian guards, who then sold the throne in an auction to Didius Julianus.

3. In 364, Roman Emperor Valentinian I appointed his brother Flavius Valens co - emperor.

4. In 519, Pope Hormisdas reunited the eastern and western church, ending the Acacian schism in a ceremony in the cathedral of Constantinople.

5. In 1272, Kublai Khan issued an edict to change the capital city of Zhongdu to Dadu (now Beijing) and established the Central Secretariat there.

6. In 1535, Bloemkamp Abbey (Oldek Looster) was attacked and destroyed in Friesland.

7. In 1556, the Fasli era originated in India.

8. In 1556, Philip II of Spain was formally crowned king of Spain.

9. In 1566, the foundation stone was laid for the new city of La Valletta in Malta by Knights Hospitaller Grand Master Jean de Valette.

10. In 1712, Empress Xiaoxianchun, the first wife of Emperor Qianlong, was born.

11. In 1738, Parliament sent an address to the king requesting that he demand redress from Spain (War of Jenkins' Ear).

12. In 1774, Britain passed the Coercive Act against Massachusetts.

13. In 1776, Juan Bautista de Anza found the site for the Presidio of San Francisco.

14. In 1794, allies under the Prince of Coburg defeated French forces at Le Cateau.

15. In 1794, the Louvre opened to the public (although officially opened since August).

16. In 1795, the Duchy of Courland, a northern fief of the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth, ceased to exist and became part of imperial Russia.

17. In 1796, the Bethel African Methodist Church of Philadelphia was the first African - American church in the US.

18. In 1797, Nathaniel Briggs of New Hampshire patented a washing machine.

19. In 1802, Wilhelm Olbers discovered 2 Pallas, the second known asteroid.

20. In 1804, Ohio passed a law restricting the movement of blacks.

21. In 1809, in the Peninsular War, France defeated Spain in the Battle of Medellín.

22. In 1830, Javanese Prince Diponegoro, leader of the resistance against Dutch colonial rule, was arrested by Dutch authorities during peace negotiations.

23. In 1834, the Senate censured President Jackson for taking federal deposits from the Bank of the US.

24. In 1844, Jose Zorrilla's "Don Juan Tenorio" premiered in Madrid.

25. In 1845, Mexico dropped diplomatic relations with the US.

26. In 1854, Great Britain and France declared war on Russia, expanding the Crimean War.

27. In 1860, the First Taranaki War: the Battle of Waireka began in New Zealand.

28. In 1862, there was a skirmish at Bealeton Station, Virginia.

29. In 1866, the first ambulance went into service.

30. In 1871, the San Francisco Art Association held an open reception at 430 Pine.

31. In 1871, the Paris Commune was established.

32. In 1881, the "Greatest Show on Earth" was formed by P. T. Barnum and James Anthony Bailey.

33. In 1885, the US Salvation Army was officially organized.

34. In 1902, 27.9 cm of precipitation fell at McMinnville, Tennessee (state record).

35. In 1905, the Lawa Railway from Paramaribo to Dam opened in Suriname.

36. In 1910, the first seaplane to take off from water under its own power was piloted by Henri Fabre from the Étang de Berre lagoon at Martigues, France.

37. In 1913, Guatemala became a signatory to the Buenos Aires Copyright Treaty.

38. In 1916, the first performance of "Jerusalem" by George Parry set to words by William Blake took place at a "Fight for Right" meeting at the Queen's Hall, London.

39. In 1917, Jews were expelled from Tel Aviv and Jaffa by Turkish authorities.

40. In 1917, Puccini's "La Rondine" premiered in Monte Carlo.

41. In 1920, Anton Denkin's White Russian troops were defeated by the Bolsheviks and Soviets at Novorossiysk on the Black Sea (the British aided Denkin in his escape).

42. In 1920, Tomáš Masaryk was elected president of Czechoslovakia.

43. In 1922, the first microfilm device was introduced.

44. In 1924, WGN - AM in Chicago, IL, began radio transmissions.

45. In 1927, the Majestic Theater opened at 245 W 44th St, NYC.

46. In 1929, the democratic constitution went into effect in Ecuador.

47. In 1930, the Turkish cities of Constantinople and Angora changed their names to Istanbul and Ankara.

48. In 1935, Robert Goddard used gyroscopes to control a rocket.

49. In 1939, the Spanish Civil War ended, and Madrid fell to the nationalists headed by Francisco Franco.

50. In 1941, the British and Greek armies landed at the port city of Piraeus in Greece in an attempt to stop the German advance.