1. In 197, Battle of Lugdunum: Lucius Septimius Severus' army defeated Clodius Albinus at Lyon.

2. In 356, Emperor Constantius II shut all heathen temples.

3. In 607, Boniface III began his reign as Catholic pope.

4. In 842, The medieval iconoclastic controversy ended as a council in Constantinople formally reinstated the veneration of icons in churches.

5. In 1512, French troops under Gaston de Foix occupied Brescia.

6. In 1516, The Lady Chapel, part of Westminster Abbey, was consecrated by Henry VII, called "one of the most perfect buildings ever erected in England".

7. In 1539, Jews in Tyrnau, Hungary (then Trnava, Czech), were expelled.

8. In 1574, Spanish troops plundered Krommenie, Wormerveer & Jisp in the Netherlands.

9. In 1582, Francis of Valois, Duke of Anjou, gained the title Duke of Brabant, the hereditary sovereign of the Dutch United Provinces.

10. In 1594, Sigismund III of the House of Vasa, who had already inherited the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth through his mother Catherine Jagellonica of Poland, was crowned King of Sweden, succeeding his father John III of Sweden.

11. In 1600, The Peruvian stratovolcano Huayna Putina exploded in the most violent eruption in South American recorded history.

12. In 1624, The English "Happy Parliament", the final parliament of King James I, opened at Westminster.

13. In 1634, Battle of Smolensk: King Wladyslaw IV of Poland defeated the Russians.

14. In 1674, The Netherlands and England signed the Peace of Westminster (NYC became English).

15. In 1700, It was the last day of the Julian calendar in Denmark.

16. In 1736, George Frideric Handel's opera "Alexander's Feast" premiered at the Covent Garden Theatre, London.

17. In 1771, French astronomer Charles Messier added M46 - M49 to his catalog.

18. In 1797, The Peace of Tolentino: Pope Pius VI ceded papal territories of Avignon, Venaissin, Ferrara, Bologna, and the Romagna to France.

19. In 1803, The US Congress accepted Ohio's constitution, but statehood was not ratified until 1953.

20. In 1807, A British squadron under Admiral Duckworth attempted to force passage of the Dardanelles.

21. In 1807, US Vice President Aaron Burr was arrested in Alabama for treason and later acquitted.

22. In 1819, British explorer William Smith discovered the uninhabited South Shetland Islands near Antarctica and claimed them in the name of King George III.

23. In 1825, Franz Grillparzer's "Konig Ottokars Gluck" premiered in Vienna.

24. In 1831, The first practical US coal - burning locomotive made its first trial run in Pennsylvania.

25. In 1846, The Texas state government was formally installed in Austin.

26. In 1852, The Phi Kappa Psi fraternity was founded at Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania.

27. In 1856, The tin - type camera was patented by Hamilton Smith in Gambier, Ohio.

28. In 1864, The Knights of Pythias formed their first lodge in Washington, D.C. (12 members).

29. In 1869, The US assay office in Boise, Idaho was authorized.

30. In 1878, Thomas Edison was granted a patent for his cylinder phonograph.

31. In 1881, Kansas became the first state to prohibit all alcoholic beverages.

32. In 1884, The "Enigma Outbreak" of over 60 tornadoes in Mississippi, Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky and Indiana killed hundreds or even over a thousand people.

33. In 1897, The inaugural meeting of the Women's Institute was held at Stoney Creek, Ontario.

34. In 1900, British troops occupied Hla Ngwane, Natal.

35. In 1906, Will Keith Kellogg joined Charles D. Bolin in founding the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company, now Kellogg's.

36. In 1910, Typhoid Mary (Mary Mallon) was freed from her first period of forced isolation.

37. In 1910, The English premiere of Richard Strauss' opera "Elektra" took place.

38. In 1913, The first prize was inserted into a Cracker Jack box.

39. In 1913, Mexican general Victoriano Huerta took power with US support.

40. In 1914, Four - year - old Charlotte May Pierstorff was mailed by train from Grangeville, Idaho to her grandparents' house 73 miles away.

41. In 1914, Riccardo Zandonai's opera "Francesco da Rimini" premiered in Turin.

42. In 1915, The British fleet opened fire on the Dardanelles coast.

43. In 1919, The Pan - African Congress, organized by W. E. B. Du Bois, was held in Paris.

44. In 1920, The Netherlands joined the League of Nations.

45. In 1923, Jean Sibelius' 6th symphony premiered.

46. In 1923, Philip Barry's play "You & I" premiered in NYC.

47. In 1927, A general strike against British occupiers took place in Shanghai.

48. In 1928, The Canadian hockey team retained the Olympic ice hockey title.

49. In 1942, About 150 Japanese warplanes attacked the Australian city of Darwin.

50. In 1945, Some 30,000 US marines began landing at Iwo Jima.