1. In 337, St. Julius I began his reign as Catholic Pope.

2. In 1189, riots in Lynn, Norfolk (England) spread to Norwich.

3. In 1508, Maximilian I was proclaimed Holy Roman Emperor, the first emperor in centuries not to be crowned by the pope.

4. In 1577, King Henri de Bourbon of Navarra became leader of the Huguenots.

5. In 1626, Huguenot rebels and the French signed the Peace of La Rochelle.

6. In 1651, Cardinal Mazarin fled Paris.

7. In 1685, the Duke of York became King James II of England and VII of Scotland upon the death of his brother Charles II.

8. In 1716, Britain and the Netherlands renewed their alliance.

9. In 1778, Britain declared war on France.

10. In 1778, France recognized the USA and signed the Treaty of Alliance in Paris, the first US treaty.

11. In 1788, Massachusetts became the 6th state to ratify the Constitution.

12. In 1815, New Jersey issued the first US railroad charter (to John Stevens).

13. In 1819, Stamford Raffles founded Singapore as a British trading port.

14. In 1820, the first organized emigration of blacks back to Africa took place (from NY to Sierra Leone).

15. In 1820, the first 86 African American immigrants sponsored by the American Colonization Society started a settlement in present-day Liberia.

16. In 1820, the US population was announced at 9,638,453, with African Americans numbering 1,771,656 (18.4%).

17. In 1832, cholera made its first appearance in Edinburgh, Scotland.

18. In 1832, a US ship destroyed a Sumatran village in retaliation for piracy.

19. In 1836, HMS Beagle and Charles Darwin arrived in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania).

20. In 1840, the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between 40 Māori chiefs (later signed by 500) and representatives of the British crown in Waitangi, New Zealand.

21. In 1843, the first minstrel show in the United States, The Virginia Minstrels, opened at the Bowery Amphitheatre in New York City.

22. In 1855, the British government of Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, was formed.

23. In 1861, the first meeting of the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States of America (US Civil War) took place.

24. In 1861, British Vice-Admiral Robert FitzRoy issued the first storm warnings for ships.

25. In 1862, during the American Civil War, there was a naval engagement on the Tennessee River between USS Conestoga and CSS Appleton Belle.

26. In 1862, General Ulysses S. Grant captured Fort Henry in Tennessee.

27. In 1864, there was a skirmish at Barnett's Ford, Virginia.

28. In 1865, it was the 2nd day of the Battle at Dabney's Mills (Hatcher's Run).

29. In 1867, American financier and philanthropist George Peabody established the Peabody Education Fund to improve schools in poor areas of the southern USA.

30. In 1869, Harper's Weekly published the first picture of Uncle Sam with chin whiskers.

31. In 1882, the Society of the Knights of Columbus was formed in New Haven, Connecticut.

32. In 1891, the Dalton Gang carried out the first great train robbery on Southern Pacific #17, near Alila (now Earlimart), California.

33. In 1894, the bottle opener was patented by William Painter.

34. In 1899, the Spanish-American War ended and the peace treaty was ratified by the Senate.

35. In 1900, the Battle of Vaal Krantz took place in South Africa (Boers vs British Army).

36. In 1902, the Young Women's Hebrew Association was organized in NYC.

37. In 1904, Japan notified Russia that due to Russia's delaying tactics and provocative military action, Japan was ending negotiations and recalling its members from Moscow.

38. In 1911, the first old-age home was opened in Prescott, Arizona.

39. In 1911, a great fire destroyed downtown Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey).

40. In 1918, Great Britain granted women (aged 30 and over) the right to vote.

41. In 1919, the first day of the 5-day Seattle General Strike began.

42. In 1919, the Weimar Republic was established.

43. In 1920, the Saarland was administrated by the League of Nations.

44. In 1922, Cardinal Achille Ratti was elected Pope Pius XI.

45. In 1922, the US, UK, France, Italy and Japan signed the Washington Naval Arms Limitation treaty.

46. In 1928, a woman named Anna Anderson (possibly Franziska Schanzkowska) arrived in NYC, claiming to be Grand Duchess Anastasia, daughter of Tsar Nicholas II.

47. In 1932, a fascist coup took place in the Memel territory.

48. In 1933, German President Paul von Hindenburg and Franz von Papen dissolved the Prussian parliament.

49. In 1935, the "Monopoly" board game went on sale for the first time.

50. In 1941, the Battle of Beda Fomm took place and the Italian 10th Army was destroyed.